Sodankylä Hiking Trails

The trail is about 1.7 km in Sodankylä, Lapland, on the Pappilanniemi peninsula between the Kitinen and Jeesiöjoki rivers just south of the town centre. The Luontoon.fi listing for this route is the best place to start for map and destination details(1). Turisti-info describes unusually lush vegetation where the rivers have enriched the soil, nature interpretation along the path, and the main entrance from the old parsonage courtyard with duckboards and bridges so the start is passable with a wheelchair or stroller; a connector path from the old church is signed but not suitable for wheelchairs(2). Jonna Saari’s Retkipaikka article walks the same ground in winter: the Kitinen shore promenade, a covered fireplace and swings at the south end, large old pines on the forest sections, and the way the footpath loops the peninsula so you can combine segments for a longer walk(3). Snowmobile traffic uses the Juustovuopaja / Kitinen-Kehtomaa snowmobile route on the same peninsula, so stay alert where motor and quiet traffic meet. Life in Lapland notes the old church parking as a practical access point and information boards near the start(4). The route is an easy family walk through riverside and forest: you can read about the Sámi marketplace site Kyläsiljo along the way(2) and, in the same area, visit Sodankylä’s old church, local museum, and sports facilities that Turisti-info groups with the trail(2). For how the wider Pappilanniemi shore was renewed and lit, and how maintenance was handed to the municipality, see Yle’s report on the Ely-led project(5).

For marking colours, the recommended walking direction on the ring, winter snowshoe use, and service updates, start with Metsähallitus on the Luontoon.fi trail page Tankavaaran luontopolku Kuukkeli(1). Visit Sodankylä(4) summarises Tankavaara’s longer nature walks inside Urho Kekkonen National Park, including the Kuukkeli ring beside the conference centre and Gold Village, and notes winter snowshoeing on the marked route. Retkipaikka(2) published a summer walk-through by Luontopolkumies with practical detail on pacing, views from Pikku-Tankavaara, and the condition of duckboard sections. Kohteena maailma(3) describes how Kuukkeli can be combined with the geological trail for a longer day circuit from the same yard. The trail is about 4.7 km as one loop in Tankavaara, Sodankylä, in Lapland, on the Urho Kekkonen National Park side of the village. From Tankavaara pysäköintialue you soon pass Tankavaaran lintutorni, a bird-watching tower in the forest canopy. The first kilometre shares tread with Tankavaara, Urpiainen 1 km and Tankavaara, Koppelo; interpretation boards and reconstructed wartime earthworks along this stretch belong to the wider sotahistoriapolku story described by Kohteena maailma(3) and Retkipaikka(2). Where Kuukkeli branches away, the path climbs toward Pikku-Tankavaara: both Tankavaaran luontopolku Pikku-Tankavaara torni and Pikku-Tankavaaran luontotorni sit on the open rocky crown, and the towers give a wide view toward Sompio strict nature reserve and the Nattaset fells(2)(3). The return crosses Tankasuo-style wetlands; expect short duckboard passages that may feel worn after wet seasons(2)(3). About three kilometres along the loop you reach Tankavaaran luontopolun tulipaikka, then Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2, Tankavaaran luontopolun kota, and Tankavaaran luontopolku käymälä grouped as a break area—bring your own cookware and check current fire instructions on Luontoon.fi(1). The circuit completes past Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf back toward the parking yard. In summer the same line is also published for mountain bikers as Tankavaaran maastopyöräilyreitti Kuukkeli; on foot you can extend toward Tankavaaran geologinen polku for a roughly twelve-kilometre combination described on Kohteena maailma(3).

Tankavaara Koppelo nature trail is about 2.4 km of marked loop walking in Sodankylä on the Urho Kekkonen National Park edge at Tankavaara village, Lapland. The line threads candle-spruce forest, passes a kota and two campfire clusters, and reaches Tankavaaran lintutorni before closing back toward Sompio House and Tankavaara pysäköintialue. The same neighbourhood hosts Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf along Tankavaarantie for a different activity after your walk. Luontoon.fi does not list Koppelo as its own trail card yet, but Metsähallitus still maintains this loop with the wider Tankavaara network. The Luontoon.fi page for the Kuukkeli nature trail at Tankavaara covers the same Sompio-talo parking and trailhead pattern and is the handiest official sibling entry to open first(1). Gold Museum Foundation material explains how UKK trails circle the Tankavaara hills, how Sompio House replaced the old visitor centre, and where to read more on national-park hiking(2). Taipaleita’s on-the-ground notes from summer 2021 spell out the blue pinecone marks on green posts, the gravel opening, rootier and rockier middle, short duckboard steps, and roughly fifty metres of cumulative climb spread around the loop(3). Visit Sodankylä bundles the Gold Prospector Museum with ideas for spending a full day around Tankavaara when you combine indoor exhibits with short hikes(4). From Tankavaara pysäköintialue you walk the maintained path toward Sompio-talo, where Urpiaislenkki, this Koppelo ring, and the longer Tankavaaran luontopolku Kuukkeli branches split: Taipaleita describes Koppelo as the middle departure among those three summer loops(3). About eight hundred metres along the ring you reach Tankavaaran luontopolun kota and Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2 almost together, with dry toilets in the same cluster as the official line on our map. A third stop, Tankavaaran luontopolun tulipaikka, sits farther east before the route turns west toward Tankavaaran lintutorni roughly two kilometres into the walk—useful for scanning treetops and open patches. The loop finishes back at Tankavaara pysäköintialue; links in the terrain join Tankavaaran geologinen polku and the Kuukkeli loop for anyone wanting a longer day from the same trailhead. Interpretation panels along the network carry Finland’s official languages plus Northern Sámi, English, German, and French copy(3). Taipaleita also mentions a rebuilt wartime korsu visitors can step inside near the route(3). Respect forest-fire warnings, campfire instructions at Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka and Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2, and quieter hours near the kota when other groups are present.

Ahvenlampi summer trail, Luosto is about 2.5 km point-to-point through the Luosto village greenbelt in Sodankylä, Lapland. It links Lake Ahvenlampi’s shore facilities with Tikkalaavu lean-to, Luosto’s ski hill and disc golf area, and finishes near Ametisti Spa (Ametistikylä). For visitor information on the wider Ahvenlampi area — access from the village parking or Lapland Hotels Luostotunturi by the playground, winter maintenance, fishing, and Northern Lights tips — start with the Ahvenlampi page on Luosto.fi(1). Metsähallitus lists Ahvenlampi keittokatos at Pyhä-Luosto National Park on Luontoon.fi(2). Visit Sodankylä highlights an easy-to-reach kota by the lake for families planning a fire break in the national park setting(3). The trail lies in Sodankylä municipality in Lapland, beside the Pyhä-Luosto tourism area. Along the first kilometre you reach the Ahvenlampi shore cluster: about 0.8 km in there are two marked cooking shelters, Ahvenlampi keittokatos and Ahvenlammen keittokatos, with dry-toilet service grouped nearby for a comfortable picnic stop. The path then runs toward Tikkalaavu, a lean-to with its own outdoor toilet a little aside from the main line — a natural lunch stop before the route passes Luosto DiscGolfPark and Lapland Ski Resort Luosto. Near the end you approach Ametistikylä at Luostontie, useful if you are pairing the walk with spa or accommodation services. The same track mesh links to Luosto’s wider outdoor network: Ahvenlammen lenkki is the short lakeside walking loop, while Ukko Luoston retkeilyreitti and Luoston vaellusluontopolku continue toward longer fell and forest days; Luoston valaistut kuntoradat and Luoston valaistut ladut share segments when snow season maintenance is running. Luosto.fi describes a low-light winter lighting concept along the wider Ahvenlampi circuit for aurora-friendly walking(1). Summer rainbow trout fishing at the lake uses permits sold through Eräluvat.fi(4).

Tankavaara Geological Trail is about 6.4 km of hiking in the Tankavaara area of Urho Kekkonen National Park in Sodankylä, Lapland. For the official trail description, maps, and national park service updates, start with Tankavaara's Geological Trail on Luontoon.fi(1). Visit Sodankylä ties a visit to the Gold Prospector Museum in Tankavaara with this trail, quoting about 7 km where you can learn how local rocks relate to gold in the landscape(2). The hike climbs through forest onto the slopes of Pikku-Tankavaara; trip writers describe a spur onto Jorpulipää with views toward the Nattaset fells and geology-themed information boards along the way(3)(4). About 2.8 km along you reach Koiranjuomalammen laavu on the shore of Koiranjuomalampi; dry toilets sit a few steps from the lean-to at Koiranjuomalampi käymälä. Later, Tankavaaran luontopolun tulipaikka and Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2 offer campfire spots, Tankavaaran luontopolun kota is a kota shelter, and Tankavaaran lintutorni gives a raised vantage for birdwatching over the surrounding forest and fells. You pass Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf very close to the beginning of the route from the main parking direction. The trail is marked with tall wooden posts bearing a pine cone symbol(3). Much of the return is described as sharing the way with Kuukkeli nature trail, Tankavaara, and you can shorten the day with the Urpiainen nature trail (1 km), Tankavaara or weave in other marked loops such as Koppelo Nature Trail, Tankavaara from the same trailhead area(4). Tankavaaran luontokeskus by the trail network is a summer visitor facility; Urho Kekkonen National Park visitor service year-round is handled from the Kiehinen service point in Saariselkä(4). Jonna Saari’s Retkipaikka article from an autumn–winter hike is worth reading for atmosphere along Koiranjuomalampi and practical notes on snow, light, and pacing(3). Kohteena maailma walked Geologinen polku as part of a longer Kuukkeli combination of about 12 km and comments frankly on rocky footing and duckboard maintenance in places(4).

Siurunmaa nature trail, Viiankiaapa is about 1.5 km one way on the south side of the Viiankiaapa mire reserve in Sodankylä, Lapland. Metsähallitus publishes current access, condition notes, and renovation news on the Viiankiaapa Nature Trail page on Luontoon.fi; the live listing has shown the route as closed while structures and duckboards are dealt with, so treat reopening dates as something to confirm there before you travel(1). Visit Sodankylä lists the Siurunmaa tower among the municipality's birdwatching towers and mentions a shelter and fireplace beside the marsh rim(2). When the path is open, it behaves like a short spur: you follow duckboards and forest footway to Viiankiaapa Siurunmaan laavu and onward to Viiankiaapa Siurunmaan luontotorni at the wooded edge of the open mire, with a dry toilet near the service cluster. Retkipaikka's Jonna Saari described the 2018 experience as an easy, largely duckboarded walk through young forest, small ditches, and increasing mire light, ending with a wide view from the tower over the aapa(3). Some sources round the one-way distance to about 1.7 km; the figure above follows the mapped trace for this publication. Stay on the built structures: the open flarks are wet and easily damaged. Sodankylä sits on highway E75 roughly 20 km south of the busier Kersilö entrance to the same reserve, whereas Siurunmaa is the quieter southern approach. Lapland's bird breeding season and peak mosquito weeks reward insect repellent, layered clothing, and calm pacing on the planks.

Viiankiaapa Nature Trail is about 3.1 km as a linear walk through Metsähallitus-managed Viiankiaapa, one of the largest aapa mire complexes near Sodankylä in Lapland. For closures, renewals, and the full junction-by-junction description of the wider trail network, start from Luontoon.fi(1). On the ground you mostly follow duckboards and short forest pitches across open mire, mixed woodland, and the fringe of Lake Viiankijärvi. About 2 km along you reach Viiankijärvi kota, a traditional wooden kota with a fireplace that makes a natural turnaround or lunch stop; dry toilets sit near the start and again by the lake. The same kota also appears on a long winter snowmobile connection, Kelukosken pato-Viiankijärvi Moottorikelkkaura, for anyone comparing summer hiking with winter access in the same basin. Retkipaikka(2) describes the mire as a wide, very Finnish landscape of humming duckboards, seasonal colour, and breezes that can clear midges on warm days, with practical reminders to watch footing where planks can be slick or uneven. Latu&Polku(3) notes red paint marks on wooded sections and directional signs at junctions on the historic loop description of the area, and recommends sturdy footwear for wet edges. Omien polkujenkulkija(4) recounts how longer former circuits were later closed for maintenance while shorter boards were renewed—useful background on why guidebooks disagree about total distance, but for this page the 3.1 km figure is the line we publish from official geometry. Berry pickers sometimes plan detours into drier edges; respect reserve rules and stay on marked crossings when Luontoon.fi(1) requires it.

Tunturireitti is roughly a 26.7 km point-to-point hiking trace through the Kaarestunturi multi-summit block north-west of Sodankylä village in Lapland. Visit Sodankylä points planners to the municipality’s InfoGIS map for marked summer and winter trail overlays across the district(1). Metsähallitus describes how free wilderness huts and day stops work on state land—worth reading before you rely on Isolaki autiotupa or nearby shelters(2). The national outdoor portal Luontoon.fi is the practical place to browse destinations and trails on state-managed recreation land in parallel with local map services(3). The outing is in Sodankylä. It is Lapland countryside rather than a groomed urban path network: expect forest roads, bog edges, and open fell shoulders where footing on the rakkama (blockfield) stays slow and uneven. The Retkipaikka Kaarestunturi article by Jonna Saari spells out how Tikkalantie ends at a yard gate, why you should park along the road verge politely, and how older low marking posts can sit hidden in scrub(4). An Askelmittari blog post from 2014 reinforces that the ring toward Isolaki autiotupa started awkwardly with hard-to-spot low posts until a phone-based outdoor map steadied navigation(5). About 19.7–20.5 km along this trace you pass a compact service cluster in the Isolaki–Tikkalaki area: Isolaki autiotupa for unreserved overnight shelter, Tikkalaen puolikota for windbreak lunches, Isolaki vesipaikka for topping up bottles where snowmelt or tap flow allows, and dry toilets at Isolaki and Tikkalaki. Read more on our pages for those features when you need etiquette detail. The same neighbourhood intersects wider winter snowmobile corridors; if you hike when machines are about, stay visible, step aside on shared traces, and verify seasonal rules from municipality or club bulletins(1). Carry a waterproof map or a downloaded offline layer you trust. Phone signal sometimes helps here, but independent trip write-ups still recommend paper because batteries fail, clouds roll in, and the old field posts do not form a continuous ribbon anymore(4)(5).

Mitkasjärvi Nature Trail is about 2.8 km of forest walking at Lake Mitkasjärvi in Sodankylä, Finnish Lapland. The lake covers about 67.5 hectares with roughly 5 km of shoreline, and its ecological status is rated good in national lake monitoring data published on Järviwiki(2). Visit Sodankylä(1) points visitors to Sodankylä InfoGIS(3) for the municipality’s marked summer and winter route layers, and the same Reitit hub links onward to map tools and inspiration for the wider Sodankylä area. The route is not a loop. In winter, groomed ski tracks use the same corridor as Mitkasjärven latu. A separate snowmobile route runs nearby in the Unari–Luusua area, and Riipijoen melontareitti is a long kayaking line in the wider Riipijoki watercourse—always check seasonal rules where ski, snowmobile, and paddle routes approach the same shoreline. Sodankylä lies in Lapland. For the latest on marked routes, closures, and seasonal services, rely on Visit Sodankylä(1) and the Sodankylä InfoGIS map service(3).

For difficulty class, seasonal notes, and the latest Metsähallitus guidance on this Urho Kekkonen National Park loop, start with the Tankavaaran luontopolku Koppelo page on Luontoon.fi(1). The Gold Museum website explains how Sompio-talo—the former Koilliskaira nature centre building—now hosts meetings and exhibitions beside the trail hub, while Metsähallitus continues to maintain the marked nature trails around the village(2). Visit Sodankylä outlines Tankavaaran Kultakylä services along Highway 4, including restaurants and accommodation, if you want to combine a short walk with food or an overnight(3). Koppelo is about 2.4 km as one forest loop on Tankavaara fell in Sodankylä in Lapland. The terrain is easy overall: the first section is often described as compacted or gravelly track, then the path becomes rootier and rockier with short duckboard stretches through wetter patches; one long-form walk-through logged roughly 50 m of ascent for the round and about one to one-and-a-half hours on foot(4). The trail is marked with blue pine-cone symbols on green posts(4). Information boards along the route carry text in Finnish, North Sámi, English, German, and French(4). A reconstructed wartime earth shelter (korsu) beside the path illustrates Lapland War history in the forest(4). Candle spruces—narrow, columnar spruces that shed snow easily—are a recurring sight in the woods here(4). Retkipaikka publishes Luontopolkumies’ Kuukkelilenkki article, which notes that Kuukkeli and Koppelo split onto their own lines about a kilometre from the Sompio-talo start, which helps orient walkers who see both orange Kuukkeli marking and the blue Koppelo line on the same first stretch(5). Along the loop you pass Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf very near the trail line, then—about four-fifths of a kilometre in—Tankavaaran luontopolku käymälä, Tankavaaran luontopolun kota, Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2, and Tankavaaran luontopolun tulipaikka for breaks and cooking when forest-fire rules allow. Tankavaaran lintutorni sits higher along the circuit for birdwatching over the surrounding forest. The circuit returns toward Tankavaara pysäköintialue. The same hub links to longer walks such as Tankavaaran geologinen polku and Tankavaaran luontopolku Kuukkeli if you want to extend the day.

Kuukkeli nature trail, Tankavaara, is about 4.7 km of marked walking in Sodankylä at the Urho Kekkonen National Park trail hub by Sompio House, Lapland. For route descriptions, rules, and latest service changes, start from the dedicated Luontoon.fi entry Metsähallitus publishes for this loop(1). The trail spends its first stretch on the same axis as Urpiaislenkki, Tankavaaran luontopolku Koppelo, and the shorter spurs branching from them: Taipaleita’s on-the-ground notes describe orange pine-cone markers on green posts, a gravel start, then tread with roots and rock, a steady pull toward Pikku-Tankavaara, a shorter boardwalk passage over mire, and a return through forest toward the visitor yard(2). Taipaleita also walks the overlapping war-history interpretation where a rebuilt dugout from 2017 can be entered, while older earthworks stay outside-only(2). Kohteena maailma describes Schultzwall-period defences, weapon pits, and the climb to the lookout before a descent through Tankasuo-style mire on duckboards(4). From Tankavaara pysäköintialue the route reaches Tankavaaran lintutorni within the first few hundred metres for treetop views before the branches toward Koppelo and Urpiainen peel away. Around two kilometres along the ring you pass Tankavaaran luontopolku Pikku-Tankavaara torni and Pikku-Tankavaaran luontotorni on the open crown, a strong vantage toward Sompio Strict Nature Reserve and the Nattaset fells to the east. The northern side drops toward Tankavaaran luontopolun tulipaikka, then swings south past Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2, Tankavaaran luontopolun kota, and dry toilets that serve that rest cluster together. You skirt Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf on Tankavaarantie before closing the loop at Tankavaara pysäköintialue. Independent accounts used about two hours on the move and quote on the order of 120 metres of cumulative climb, so sturdy footwear pays off(3). Mika Markkanen’s 2020 Retkipaikka report highlights the panorama from Pikku-Tankavaara but also warns that duckboards on the wet sections were ageing; check current maintenance notes on Luontoon.fi or on-site boards before you rely on them after rain or thaw(3). The same area links cleanly into Tankavaaran geologinen polku for a longer geology-themed outing, and Tankavaaran maastopyöräilyreitti Kuukkeli follows the same geometry for cyclists. Respect campfire bans when Metsähallitus raises forest-fire warnings(2).

Ilmakkiaava nature trail is a very short duckboard walk into the Ilmakkiaapa state mire reserve beside Finnish national road 4 (E75), about 35 km north of Sodankylä in Lapland. Metsähallitus presents the protected area on Luontoon.fi(1). Visit Sodankylä(2) lists the Ilmakkiaapa tower with other municipal birdwatching towers and notes there is no fireplace there. The trail is about 0.4 km as an easy out-and-back to Ilmakkiaapa lintutorni above Ilmakkijärvi, where bog birds are often the main attraction. See our Ilmakkiaapa lintutorni page for detail on the tower. Underfoot it is duckboards over open aapa mire; spring flooding and returning migrants draw birders, and autumn colour can be strong. Postovaara shows a jagged skyline beyond the wetland. Road noise from the highway is part of the visit; Retkipaikka(3) still calls the stop one of the easiest worthwhile breaks for anyone driving toward North Lapland. Life In Lapland(4) mentions a swing gate at the roadside and parking in a pull-off across from the gate. For planning questions tied to the wider reserve, Pyhä-Luosto Visitor Centre Naava answers general Metsähallitus customer calls.

Urpiainen is a short, easy gravel nature walk of about 0.9 km through candle-spruce forest on the flanks of Tankavaara hill in Sodankylä, inside Urho Kekkonen National Park. Metsähallitus maintains the route — the Urpiainen trail page on Luontoon.fi(1) is the best place to confirm current conditions and any changes. The trail is a compact loop under an hour, often described as “Urpiainen” or the Urpiaislenkki. The surface is gravel and the profile is gentle; sources describe it as an accessible route that can be used with a stroller or wheelchair with assistance(2). Marking is by green posts with coloured pinecone symbols shared with the wider Tankavaara footpath network; Urpiainen itself is the green-marked loop(3). You normally start from the Tankavaara visitor hub near Sompio-talo (the former Koilliskaira nature centre building, now conference and exhibition space). Tankavaara pysäköintialue offers shared parking for Urho Kekkonen visitors and the Gold Museum — there is plenty of room for cars(2). About halfway round, Tankavaaran luontopolun kota and Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2 form a rest spot with a Lappish kota and a campfire site; bring your own firewood or buy supplies locally — the kota is not on a stocked firewood rotation(2). Dry toilets are available in the same cluster. Further along, Tankavaaran lintutorni gives a raised view over the forest; trees have grown up around it, but the tower is still worth climbing for a sense of the surroundings(2). Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf sits close to the line for anyone combining a short walk with disc golf. Displays beside the path recall Tankavaara’s Second World War defences: a field gun and a replica korsu that visitors can step into, illustrated with period small arms as a museum-style exhibit(2)(3). The wider area was part of a German-built fortification belt in 1944; thousands of soldiers and civilians laboured here before the line was abandoned(3). In winter the wider Tankavaara trails are popular on snowshoes; deep soft snow can make ungroomed sections heavy going, while Urpiainen and the geological route may see a packed trace from snowmobile grooming — still bring snowshoes if you are unsure(2)(3). For a longer day, the same trailhead links to Kuukkeli nature trail, Tankavaara, Koppelo Nature Trail, Tankavaara, and Tankavaaran geologinen polku. Jonna Saari’s Retkipaikka article captures the winter mood in the candle-spruce canopy and the lookout from Tankavaaran lintutorni(2). Maailma kotina adds practical winter notes on waymarking and packed trails(3).

For marking, gravel surfacing, stroller and bike use in summer, snowshoe use in winter, and the fact that there is no winter track grooming, lean on the Luontoon.fi trail page for Tankavaaran luontopolku Urpiainen 1 km(1). Visit Sodankylä(3) recommends the Tankavaara Urpiainen Trail as one of the short family-friendly kilometre circle walks that start from the Tankavaara conference-centre and Gold Museum parking area, with picnic spots at the start and finish. Retkipaikka(2) carried a winter walk-through by Jonna Saari from the same yard, including how a reconstructed wartime korsu and a field gun appear beside the path, and how the route drops you back near the old nature-centre buildings after Tankavaaran lintutorni. The trail is about 0.9 km in wooded terrain at Tankavaara in Sodankylä, Lapland, on the edge of the Urho Kekkonen National Park experience area. The same Luontoon.fi entry(1) also uses the round-trip name Urpiaislenkki; the path runs north through conifer forest with narrow Siberian spruce dominating early sections and pine later, with northern dwarf shrubs such as lingonberry and crowberry along the edge(1). About half a kilometre along you reach Tankavaaran luontopolun kota, Tankavaaran luontopolku tulipaikka 2, and dry toilets grouped as a break spot; firewood is not stocked at the kota, so plan fire wood through nearby services if you cook(2). The line passes Tankavaara Gold Disc Golf before finishing near Tankavaaran lintutorni, a bird-watching tower with a view over the surrounding forest tops—worth climbing even when trees have grown around the structure(2). From the same trailhead you can extend the day onto Tankavaara, Koppelo (about 2.4 km), Tankavaara, Kuukkeli (about 4.7 km), or the longer Tankavaaran geologinen polku (about 6.4 km), all of which share this service cluster on foot or by bike in summer.